??????????

百度不过对于生活在青岛的人来说，啤酒早已融入了生活，它不需要节日。

?????????? ( ????????? : ?????. ???.?. (?). ???. ??.? ^??.? ; ?????????? : ???????? ??????? ????-???????? ) ^[1] ?????? ?????? ???????? (??????????? ???????? ????????????) ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????. ???????????? ??????-?????????? ??????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? "????" ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ???? ?????-????? ?? ?????????? ????????????.

?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????????? 17.7 ??????????? (11.0 ???????) ??????????? ????????????????..

??????

??????? ???????????, ??? III ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ( ??????? 36 ?) ??? ?????????????????????. ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????????. ??.??. 9 ??? ??????????????????, ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????.

??? ???????????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????.^[2] ???? 484 ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????.^[3]

?????????

1854 ??? ???????, ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????????, ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????.^[4] ???? ???????? ???????????????? II ??? ???????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????. 1879 ??????? 1881 ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????? .^[5]^[6] ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????????. 1902 ??? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????.^[7]

1980 ??? ????? ?????, ??????????-?????????????-???????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????-??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????-???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?-???-?????-???-?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????. "?????????? - ?????????? ????????? ????????" ??????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????????????.^[8]^[9]

??????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????. ??????????? 1980 ????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ???????????????? II ??? ?????????, "?????????? ?????????", ???? "??? ?????????? ??????" ???????? ?????? "???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????" ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ????????????????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????. ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? 70 ??????? ??????? ????????; ??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? 52 ??????? ????????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????????, ????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????????, ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????????, ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????????????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ????-??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? I ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????????, ??? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????.^[10]

???????? ?????

?????? ????? ????????? ????????

???????????

↑ The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory: Vol. 1, Part 1. Accessed 15 Dec 2010.
↑ Josephus, Against Apion (Book 1, section 20)
↑ M. A. Dandamayev, "Ezida Temple and the Cult of Nabu in Babilonia of the First Millennium", Vestnik drevnej istorii, no. 3, pp. 87-94, 2009
↑ Henry C. Rawlinson, "On the Birs Nimrud, or the Great Temple of Borsippa", The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 18, pp. 1-34, 1861
↑ Hormuzd Rassam (1897). "Asshur and the Land of Nimrod: Being an Account of the Discoveries Made in the Ancient Ruins of Nineveh, Asshur, Sepharvaim, Calah, (etc)..." (PDF). Curts & Jennings.
↑ J. E. Reade," Rassam's Excavations at Borsippa and Kutha, 1879-82", Iraq, vol. 48, pp. 105-116, 1986
↑ Robert Koldewey. The excavations at Babylon, University of Michigan Library, 1914; Robert Koldewey, "Die Tempel von Babylon und Borsippa", WVDOG 15, Leipzig, 1911, ISSN 0342-118X
↑ W. Allinger-Csollich: Birs Nimrud I. Die Bauk?rper der Ziqqurat von Borsippa, ein Vorbericht. Baghdader Mitteilungen (BaM). Gbr. Mann, Berlin, vol. 22, pp. 383-499, 1991, ISSN 0418-9698
↑ W. Allinger-Csollich, Birs Nimrud II: Tieftempel-Hochtempel: Vergleichende Studien Borsippa - Babylon, Baghdader Mitteilungen, vol. 29, pp. 95-330, 1998, ISSN 0418-9698
↑ A. Kuhrt and S. Selwin-White, "Aspects of Seleucid Royal Ideology : The Cylinder of Antiochus I from Borsippa", Journal of Hellenic Studies 111 (1991:71-86)

[Cam-1] The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory: Vol. 1, Part 1. Accessed 15 Dec 2010.

[2] Josephus, Against Apion (Book 1, section 20)

[3] M. A. Dandamayev, "Ezida Temple and the Cult of Nabu in Babilonia of the First Millennium", Vestnik drevnej istorii, no. 3, pp. 87-94, 2009

[4] Henry C. Rawlinson, "On the Birs Nimrud, or the Great Temple of Borsippa", The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 18, pp. 1-34, 1861

[5] Hormuzd Rassam (1897). "Asshur and the Land of Nimrod: Being an Account of the Discoveries Made in the Ancient Ruins of Nineveh, Asshur, Sepharvaim, Calah, (etc)..." (PDF). Curts & Jennings.

[6] J. E. Reade," Rassam's Excavations at Borsippa and Kutha, 1879-82", Iraq, vol. 48, pp. 105-116, 1986

[7] Robert Koldewey. The excavations at Babylon, University of Michigan Library, 1914; Robert Koldewey, "Die Tempel von Babylon und Borsippa", WVDOG 15, Leipzig, 1911, ISSN 0342-118X

[8] W. Allinger-Csollich: Birs Nimrud I. Die Bauk?rper der Ziqqurat von Borsippa, ein Vorbericht. Baghdader Mitteilungen (BaM). Gbr. Mann, Berlin, vol. 22, pp. 383-499, 1991, ISSN 0418-9698

[9] W. Allinger-Csollich, Birs Nimrud II: Tieftempel-Hochtempel: Vergleichende Studien Borsippa - Babylon, Baghdader Mitteilungen, vol. 29, pp. 95-330, 1998, ISSN 0418-9698

[10] A. Kuhrt and S. Selwin-White, "Aspects of Seleucid Royal Ideology : The Cylinder of Antiochus I from Borsippa", Journal of Hellenic Studies 111 (1991:71-86)

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