共享充电宝要赚钱了？小电宣布完成数亿元融资，称已盈亏平衡
| ??????? | |
|---|---|
| ???? ?????? | ?.?? ???????? ???? |
| ???? ????????? ???? | ????? |
| ???????? | m |
| ???? ?????????? | |
| 1 m ??? ... | ... ???? ... |
| ?????? ????????/??????????? ???????? ??????? | ≈ 3.2808 ??? |
| ≈ 39.370 ???????? | |
??????? (metre ?????? meter, ?????? ??????: ???????) ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????.[1] ????????? ???????? ???????? m ?????. ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????. ?????? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? 10000/254 ????????????????? ???????? (???????? 39.37 ???????????)
???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? (???? ??????????) ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????. 1983 ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????: ????????????? ???????? 1⁄299,792,458 ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????.[2]
??????
[????]??????? ??????? ?????
[????]
??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???? (decimal system) ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????? 1668 ??? ????? ???? ???????????? (John Wilkins) ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????.[3][4] 1675 ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? (Tito Livio Burattini) ??????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ?????? ???????????? (Misura Universale "???? ??????") ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? (metro cattolico) ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????????; ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? (καθολικ?ν}} (métron katholikón) ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? (mètre) ????? ????????????????. ????????? ???????? ??????? 1797 ????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????.[5] ??????????? ????????????? metre ???????, ????????????? meter ??????? ??????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????????????????.
??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????
[????]?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????, ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? 27, 1790????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????[6] ??? '????' (???????? ???????? mètre)??? ????????? ?????? 19, 1791????? ??????????????.[7][8][9] ???? 1793??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
??????? ?????? ??????????
[????]
1870????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????????. 1875??? ????? ??????? ?????????? (Convention du Mètre) ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? (BIPM: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) ?????? ????????? ?????????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????????. ??????? 1889??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????.[10]
1889??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? (NIST) ?????????? ???????.[11]
??????????-86 ????????? ?????? ????????
[????]1893???, ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?. ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????????????. 1925 ???????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????. ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? 1960 ??? ????????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? (SI) ???????? ????????????? ??????????-86 ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????-??????? ????????????? 1,650,763.73 ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????.[12]
??????? ?????
[????]????????????? ?????????? ????????? 1983??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????? :
- ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? 1⁄299,792,458 ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.[2]
???? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? 299,792,458 ??????????? ???????????? ??????. ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????, ????????????? ????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????, ?????? ?????????. ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????-????????????????? ??????–?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? "?????????????????? ????????????" ????????????????.[13] ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????: ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? (U) of 2.1×10?11 ???? λ??? = 632,991,212.58 ????.[13][14][15] ???? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????.[16] ??????, ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? 1579800.762042(33) ???????????? ??????? ????????????? (?????????????????????). ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????.[13]
SI ????????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ???????
[????]????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? (?????? ???????? ???????), ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? (?????? ???????? ???????) ????? SI ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????????. ???????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????.
| ??????? | ????? | ???????? | ??????? | ????? | ???????? | |
| 10?1 | ??????????? (??????) | dm | 101 | ????????????? (????) | dam | |
| 10?2 | ????????????? (????) (?) ??? ??????? |
cm | 102 | ???????????? (?????) | hm | |
| 10?3 | ????????????? (????) | mm | 103 | ??????????? (????) | km | |
| 10?6 | ????????????? (????) | μm | 106 | ??????????? (????) | Mm | |
| 10?9 | ??????????? (????) | nm | 109 | ??????????? (??????) | Gm | |
| 10?12 | ????????????? (????) | pm | 1012 | ????????????? (??????) | Tm | |
| 10?15 | ?????????????? (???????) | fm | 1015 | ????????????? (????) | Pm | |
| 10?18 | ???????????? (???) | am | 1018 | ???????????? (?????) | Em | |
| 10?21 | ????????????? (??????) | zm | 1021 | ????????????? (????) | Zm | |
| 10?24 | ????????????? (??????) | ym | 1024 | ????????????? (??????) | Ym |
???? ????????? ??????
[????]| ???????? ???? ???? ????????? | ???? ???????????? ????????? | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 ??????? | ≈ | 1.0936 | ???? (??? ????)??? | 1 ???? (??? ????) | ≡ | 0.9144 | ?????????? | |
| 1 ??????? | ≈ | 39.370 | ??????????? | 1 ???????? | ≡ | 0.0254 | ?????????? | |
| 1 ????????????? | ≈ | 0.39370 | ???????? | 1 ???????? | ≡ | 2.54 | ??.?? | |
| 1 ????????????? | ≈ | 0.039370 | ??? | 1 ??? | ≡ | 25.4 | ??.?? | |
| 1 ??????? | ≡ | 1×1010 | ????????????? | 1 ????????????? | ≡ | 1×10?10 | ??????? | |
| 1 ?????????? | ≡ | 10 | ????????????? | 1 ????????????? | ≡ | 100 | ???????????????? | |
???? ??????????? , "???" ??????? "????" ?????? "????????? ??????????????" "????????? ????????" ????????????[17]
- "≈" ????? "??????? ?????";
- "≡" ????? "??????????? ????" ?????? "??????????? ????."
??? ??????? ??????????? 10,000⁄254 ???????????????? 10,000⁄9,144 ??????????????? ????.
????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? "3" ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????.
- 1 ??????? ??????? 3 ???–3 3⁄8 ??????????????? ???????.[18] ???????? ???? 0.125 ???? ???????????.
?????????????
[????]- ↑ "Base unit definitions: Meter". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "17th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1983), Resolution 1". Retrieved 2025-08-07.
- ↑ An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (Reproduction)
- ↑ An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (Transcription)
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, Clarendon Press 2nd ed.1989, vol.IX p.697 col.3.
- ↑ ('decimalization is not of the essence of the metric system; the real significance of this is that it was the first great attempt to define terrestrial units of measure in terms of an unvarying astronomical or geodetic constant.) The metre was in fact defined as one ten millionth of one quarter of the earth's circumference at sea-level.' Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Cambridge University Press, 1962 vol.4, pt.1, p.42.
- ↑ Paolo Agnoli,Il senso della misura: la codifica della realtà tra filosofia, scienza ed esistenza umana, Armando Editore, 2004 pp.93-94,101.
- ↑ "Rapport sur le choix d'une unité de mesure, lu à l'Académie des sciences, le 19 mars 1791" (in French). Gallica.bnf.fr. 2025-08-07. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Paolo Agnoli and Giulio D’Agostini,'Why does the meter beat the second?,' December, 2004 pp.1-29.
- ↑ National Institute of Standards and Technology 2003; Historical context of the SI: Unit of length (meter)
- ↑ Beers & Penzes 1992
- ↑ Marion, Jerry B. (1982). Physics For Science and Engineering. CBS College Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 4-8337-0098-0.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Iodine (λ≈633 nm)" (PDF). MEP (Mise en Pratique). BIPM. 2003. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=(help) - ↑ ????????? '?????? ?????? ???????????' ??????? ????????????? ????????????????????: "Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty". The NIST Reference on constants, units, and uncertainties: Fundamental physical constants. NIST. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ↑ National Research Council 2010
- ↑ National Institute of Standards and Technology 2011.
- ↑ Astin & Karo 1959.
- ↑ Well-known conversion, publicised at time of metrication.
?????? ??????
[????]
- Alder, Ken. (2002). The Measure of All Things : The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World. Free Press, New York ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-7432-1675-X