精神什么意思
???? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????????????????. ?????? ????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????????????.
????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? (??????) ????????? ??? ???????????: ???????? ???????????? ???????, ?????, ?????, ???????, ????????, ??????, ???????, ????? , ???????, ?????????? ???????????, ????? ???????, ??????, ????????, ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????.[1] 2015 ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? (??????) ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????.[2] ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? (??????????) ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????, ????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????.[3]
?????????
[????]?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????. ??????????? ?????? ????, ?????????, ????????? ????, ?????? ???????, ?????? ????, ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????????????. ?????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????. ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????-? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ???? ????????????? ????? ???????????????????.
?????????? ???? ????????????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????????. ????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????-??????????? ??????, ?? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????.[4]
????????
[????]2008 ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? 272 ?????????? ????????????????????. ???????? 2030 ??? ??????? 370 ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????????????. ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????? 4% ????? ?? ????????????????????. 20 ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? 39 ?????????? ???????????. ???? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? 2% ?????? ????????. ???????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????. ???????????? ?????? 79 ????????? ?????? ?????????????. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? 33 ????????? ?????? ????????????.[5]
???????????
[????]?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????????. ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????, 40% ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????.
???????????
[????]- ↑ National Geographic Style Manual. National Geographic Society. "West Asia Map". Archived from the original on 2025-08-07.
- ↑ "United Nations Industrial Development Organization Vienna (UNIDO) (2005). International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics 2015".
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ↑ "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ↑ Beaumont (1988), p. 22
- ↑ Data for "15 West Asian countries", from Maddison (2003, 2007).Angus Maddison, 2003, The World Economy: Historical Statistics, Vol. 2, OECD, Paris, ISBN 92-64-10412-7. Statistical Appendix (2007, ggdc.net) "The historical data were originally developed in three books: Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992, OECD, Paris 1995; The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2001; The World Economy: Historical Statistics, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2003. All these contain detailed source notes." Estimates for 2008 by country (in millions): Turkey (71.9), Iran (70.2), Iraq (28.2), Saudi Arabia (28.1), Yemen (23.0), Syria (19.7), Israel (6.5), Jordan (6.2), Palestine (4.1), Lebanon (4.0), Oman (3.3), United Arab Emirates (2.7), Kuwait (2.6), Qatar (0.9), Bahrain (0.7).
?????? ?????????????? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|